SIPPING Working Group G. Camarillo Internet-Draft Ericsson Expires: March 24, 2005 A. Niemi H. Khartabil M. Isomaki M. Garcia-Martin Nokia September 23, 2004 Refering to Multiple Resources in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) draft-ietf-sipping-multiple-refer-01.txt Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions of section 3 of RFC 3667. By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with RFC 3668. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on March 24, 2005. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). Abstract This document defines extensions to the SIP REFER method so that this method can be used to refer servers to multiple resources. These Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 extensions include the use of pointers to Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)-lists in the Refer-To header field and the "multiple-refer" SIP option-tag. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Overview of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. The multiple-refer SIP Option-Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5. Suppressing REFER's Implicit Subscription . . . . . . . . . 4 6. Behavior of SIP REFER-Issuers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7. Behavior of REFER-Recipients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8. Default URI-List Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 12.1 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 12.2 Informational References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 12 Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 1. Introduction The SIP [3] REFER method [5] allows a user agent to request a server to send a request to a third party. Still, a number of applications need to request a server to initiate transactions towards a set of destinations. In one example, the moderator of a conference may want the conference server to send BYE requests to a group of participants. In another example, the same moderator may want the conference server to INVITE a set of new participants. We define an extension to REFER so that REFER can be used to refer servers to multiple destinations. In addition, we use the REFER extension defined in [7] which suppresses REFER's implicit subscription. 2. Terminology In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [1] and indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations. We define the following three new terms: REFER-Issuer: the user agent issuing the REFER request. REFER-Recipient: the user agent receiving the REFER request. REFER-Target: the intended final recipient of the request to be generated by the REFER-Recipient. 3. Overview of operation This document defines an extension to the SIP REFER method [5] that allows a SIP User Agent Client (UAC) to include a list of REFER-Targets in a REFER request and send it to a server. The server will create a new request for each entry in the list of REFER-Target URIs. We represent the multiple REFER-Targets of a REFER using a URI-list. A UAC (User Agent Client) that wants to refer a server to a set of destinations creates a SIP REFER request. The Refer-To header contains a pointer to a URI-list, which is included in a body part, and an option-tag in the Required header field: "multiple-refer". This option-tag indicates the requirement to support the functionality described in this specification. When the server receives such request it creates a new request per destination and sends them. Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 This document does not provide any mechanism for UACs to find out about the results of a REFER with multiple REFER-Targets. Furthermore, it does not provide support for the implicit subscription mechanism that is part of the SIP REFER method. The way UACs are kept informed about the results of a REFER is service specific. For example, a UAC sending a REFER to INVITE a set of participants to a conference may discover which participants were successfully brought into the conference by subscribing to the conference state event [9]. 4. The multiple-refer SIP Option-Tag We define a new SIP option-tag for the Require and Supported header fields: "multiple-refer". A user agent including the "multiple-refer" option-tag in a Supported header indicates compliance with this specification. A user agent generating a REFER with a pointer to a URI-list in its Refer-To header field MUST include the "multiple-refer" option-tag in the Require header field of the REFER. 5. Suppressing REFER's Implicit Subscription REFER requests with a single REFER-Target establish implicitly a subscription to the refer event. The REFER-Issuer is informed about the result of the transaction towards the REFER-Target through this implicit subscription. As described in RFC 3515 [5], NOTIFY requests sent as a result of an implicit subscription created by a REFER request contain a body of type "message/sipfrag" [4] that describes the status of the transaction initiated by the REFER-Recipient. In the case of a REFER-Issuer that generates a REFER with multiple REFER-targets, the REFER-Issuer is typically already subscribed to other event package that can provide the information about the result of the transactions towards the REFER-Targets. For example, a moderator instructing a conference server to send a BYE request to a set of participants is usually subscribed to the conference state event package for the conference. Notifications to this event package will keep the moderator and the rest of the subscribers informed of the current list of conference participants. Most of the applications using multiple REFER do not need its implicit subscription. Consequently, a SIP REFER-Issuer generating a REFER request with multiple REFER-Targets SHOULD include the "norefersub" option-tag in a Require header field to indicate that no notifications about the requests should be sent to the REFER-Issuer. The "norefersub" SIP option-tag is defined in [7] and suppresses the Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 REFER's implicit subscription. At the time of writing, there is no extension that allows to report the status of several transactions over a REFER's implicit subscription. That is the motivation for this document to recommend the usage of the "norefersub" option-tag. If in the future such an extension is defined, REFER-Issuers using it could refrain from using the "norefersub" option-tag and use the new extension instead. 6. Behavior of SIP REFER-Issuers As indicated in Section 4 and Section 5 a SIP REFER-Issuer that creates a REFER request with multiple REFER-Targets includes a "multiple-refer" and a "norefersub" option-tags in the Require header field. The Refer-To header field of a REFER request with multiple REFER-Targets MUST contain a pointer (i.e., a Content-ID Uniform Resource Locator (URL) [2]) that points to the body part that carries the URI-list. 7. Behavior of REFER-Recipients The REFER-Recipient follows the rules in Section 2.4.2 of RFC 3515 [5] to determine the status code of the response to the REFER. The REFER-Recipient follows the rules in RFC 3515 [5] to generate the necessary requests towards the REFER-Targets, acting as if it had received a regular (no URI-list) REFER per each URI in the URI-list. 8. Default URI-List Format The default format for URI-list bodies used in a multiple REFER request is the resource list document specified in [6]. User agents able to generate or receive REFERs with multiple REFER-Targets MUST support this format as specified in [6] and MAY support other formats. Nevertheless, the Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) resource list document provides features, such as hierarchical lists and the ability to include entries by reference relative to the XCAP root URI, that are not needed by the multiplet REFER service defined in this document. Therefore, when using the default resource list document, SIP REFER-Issuers generating REFERs with multiple REFER-Targets SHOULD use flat lists (i.e., no hierarchical lists) and SHOULD NOT use elements. A REFER-Recipient receiving a URI-list with more information than Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 what has just been described MAY discard all the extra information. Figure 1 shows an example of a flat list that follows the resource list document. Figure 1: URI List 9. Example Figure 2 shows an example flow where a REFER-Issuer sends a multiple-REFER request to a REFER-Recipient. The REFER-Recipient generates a BYE request per REFER-Target. Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 +--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ | REFER | | REFER | | REFER | | REFER | | REFER | | issuer | |recipient| |target 1| |target 2| |target 3| +--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ | 1. REFER | | | | | ---------------->| | | | | 2. 202 Accepted | | | | |<---------------- | 3. BYE | | | | | ------------->| | | | | 4. BYE | | | | | ------------------------->| | | | 5. BYE | | | | | ------------------------------------->| | | 6. 200 OK | | | | |<------------- | | | | | 7. 200 OK | | | | |<------------------------- | | | | 8. 200 OK | | | | |<------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Figure 2: Example flow or a REFER request containin multiple REFER-Targets The REFER request (1) contains a Refer-To header field that includes a pointer to the message body, which carries a list with the URIs of the REFER-Targets. The REFER's Require header field carries both the "multiple-refer" and the "norefersub" option-tags. Figure 3 shows an example of this REFER request. The resource list document contains the list of REFER-Target URIs along with the method of the SIP request that the REFER-Recipient generates. Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 REFER sip:conf-123@example.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/TCP client.chicago.example.com ;branch=z9hG4bKhjhs8ass83 Max-Forwards: 70 To: "Conference 123" From: Carol ;tag=32331 Call-ID: d432fa84b4c76e66710 CSeq: 2 REFER Contact: Refer-To: Require: multiple-refer, norefersub Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, REFER, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY Allow-Events: dialog Accept: application/sdp, message/sipfrag Content-Type: application/resource-lists+xml Content-Disposition: uri-list Content-Length: 307 Content-ID: Figure 3: REFER request with multiple REFER-Targets Figure 4 shows an example of the BYE request (3) that the REFER-Recipient sends to the first REFER-Target. Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 REFER sip:bill@example.com SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/TCP conference.example.com ;branch=z9hG4bKhjhs8assmm Max-Forwards: 70 From: "Conference 123" ;tag=88734 To: ;tag=29872 Call-ID: d432fa84b4c34098s812 CSeq: 34 BYE Content-Length: 0 Figure 4: BYE request 10. Security Considerations The Framework and Security Considerations for SIP URI-List Services [8] discusses issues related to SIP URI-list services. Given that a server accepting REFERs with multiple REFER-targets acts as an URI-list service, implementations of this type of server MUST follow the security-related rules in [8]. These rules include mandatory authentication and authorization of clients, and opt-in lists. Additionally, servers SHOULD only accept REFER requests within the context of an application the server understands (e.g., a conferencing application). This implies that servers MUST NOT accept REFERs for methods they do not understand. The idea behind these two rules is that servers are not used as dumb servers whose only function is to fan-out random messages they do not understand. 11. IANA Considerations This document defines a new SIP option-tag: "multiple-refer". This option-tag should be registered in the SIP parameter registry at: http://www.iana.org/assignments/sip-parameters SIP user agents that place the "multiple-refer" option-tag in a Supported header field understand REFER requests that contain resource list document describing multiple REFER-Targets. 12. References 12.1 Normative References [1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [2] Levinson, E., "Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 9] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 Locators", RFC 2392, August 1998. [3] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M. and E. Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002. [4] Sparks, R., "Internet Media Type message/sipfrag", RFC 3420, November 2002. [5] Sparks, R., "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Refer Method", RFC 3515, April 2003. [6] Rosenberg, J., "Extensible Markup Language (XML) Formats for Representing Resource Lists", draft-ietf-simple-xcap-list-usage-03 (work in progress), July 2004. [7] Olson, S., "REFER extensions", draft-olson-sipping-refer-extensions-02 (work in progress), July 2004. [8] Camarillo, G., "Requirements and Framework for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)-List Services", draft-ietf-sipping-uri-services-00 (work in progress), July 2004. 12.2 Informational References [9] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event Package for Conference State", draft-ietf-sipping-conference-package-05 (work in progress), July 2004. Authors' Addresses Gonzalo Camarillo Ericsson Hirsalantie 11 Jorvas 02420 Finland EMail: Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 10] Internet-Draft Multiple REFER September 2004 Aki Niemi Nokia P.O. Box 321 NOKIA GROUP, FIN 00045 Finland EMail: Aki.Niemi@nokia.com Hisham Khartabil Nokia P.O. Box 321 NOKIA GROUP, FIN 00045 Finland EMail: Hisham.Khartabil@nokia.com Markus Isomaki Nokia Itamerenkatu 11-13 Helsinki 00180 Finland EMail: Markus.Isomaki@nokia.com Miguel A. Garcia-Martin Nokia P.O.Box 407 NOKIA GROUP, FIN 00045 Finland EMail: miguel.an.garcia@nokia.com Camarillo, et al. 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Acknowledgment Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Camarillo, et al. Expires March 24, 2005 [Page 12]